Armenia and Turkey sign peace deal

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But in an indication of the many pitfalls that lie ahead of its implementation, the ceremony was marred by a three-hour delay due to last-minute disagreements on statements, forcing US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to engage in intense discussions to salvage a deal.

Turkey’s Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu and his Armenian counterpart Edward Nalbandian signed the Swiss-mediated deal in Zurich at a ceremony also attended by European Union foreign policy chief Javier Solana, Russia’s Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov and France’s Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner.

The Turkish and Armenian parliaments must now approve the deal in the face of opposition from nationalists on both sides and a Armenian diaspora which insists Turkey acknowledge the killings of up to 1.5 million Armenians as genocide.

If an agreement comes into effect, it would boost European Union candidate Turkey’s diplomatic clout in the volatile South Caucasus, a transit corridor for oil and gas to the West.

Before the deal was inked at the University of Zurich, Clinton returned to her hotel to help smooth over objections with Nalbandian over statements to be read at the ceremony.

She then held a long telephone call with Davutoglu before meeting Nalbandian, with whom she returned to the venue in her motorcade hours later in a night of high drama.

Clinton later promised the United States would do everything it could to build on the “milestone” that Turkey and Armenia had achieved.

Clinton, who declared herself “very pleased” that the protocols had been signed, said both countries had concerns that had delayed the signing ceremony.

Ties between the two neighbours are traumatised by the deportations and mass killings of Armenians by Ottoman Turks, and normalisation efforts have been hampered by a decades-old dispute between Turkey’s ally Azerbaijan and Armenia over the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh.

Turkey cut ties and shut its border with Armenia in 1993 in support of Turkic-speaking Azerbaijan which was then fighting a losing battle against Armenian separatists in Karabakh.